Independent investigators' report

Kawhi. Ballmer. Cap circumvention.

Five forfeited first-round picks. A $30 million fine. Read the files behind the devastation.

The first findings page of the investigators' report
Cover of the September 2, 2026 investigators' report
36PDF pages
73Interviews
60People interviewed
200,000+Document pages
4Partner companies

The report finds five distinct violations.

This app summarizes the investigators' conclusions. It does not independently adjudicate them.

  1. 01

    Initiating off-court income opportunities with four Clippers business partners

  2. 02

    Facilitating deal terms and negotiations beyond a permitted contact exchange

  3. 03

    Inducing companies with valuable Clippers or arena business

  4. 04

    Paying hundreds of personal expenses without required reimbursement

  5. 05

    Failing to report Robertson's improper solicitations to the NBA

“The pattern of conduct reflected here... further demonstrates the clear violations of NBA rules.”

The NBA imposed eight penalties.

The NBA and NBPA agreed that the penalties are final and binding on all parties.

Read the official NBA release

LA Clippers

5first-round picks

The Clippers shall forfeit five first-round draft picks, one in each of the 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, and 2033 NBA Drafts.

LA Clippers

$30Mfine

The Clippers are fined $30 million.

Steve Ballmer

1 yearsuspension

Clippers owner Steve Ballmer is suspended from all league and team activities for one year for knowingly seeking to help Mr. Leonard obtain off-court income opportunities, for approving a business deal that he knew was a precondition for Aspiration to enter into an endorsement agreement with Mr. Leonard, and for his failure to create conditions under which his organization abided by the NBA’s circumvention rules.

Gillian Zucker

1 yearunpaid suspension

Clippers President of Business Operations Gillian Zucker is suspended without pay for one year for being primarily and directly culpable for the impermissible endorsement arrangements and for providing false and misleading statements to investigators.

Lawrence Frank

6 monthsunpaid suspension

Clippers President of Basketball Operations Lawrence Frank is suspended without pay for six months for his involvement with the impermissible endorsement arrangements and for approving impermissible expenses incurred by Mr. Leonard and his family.

LA Clippers

5 yearsleague monitoring

The Clippers organization and personnel are subject to a compliance and monitoring program overseen by the league office for a period of five years.

Kawhi Leonard

$700Kpayment to NBA

In connection with his violations, Mr. Leonard is required to pay the league $700,000.

Dennis Robertson

5 yearsNBA business ban

Mr. Robertson is banned from conducting business or otherwise engaging with NBA teams and their affiliates on behalf of or with respect to any player, employee, or other league or team personnel for a period of five years.

Chronology

Follow the paper trail.

Move through the record in order. Ask the report when an event needs more context or a tighter explanation.

A prior circumvention violation

The NBA fined the Clippers $250,000 for facilitating an endorsement opportunity for DeAndre Jordan. The report treats that history as evidence the organization knew the rule.

  • The earlier matter involved an endorsement opportunity connected to the Clippers' effort to sign Jordan in free agency.
  • Investigators use the penalty as notice: team leadership could not reasonably treat endorsement facilitation as an unfamiliar rule in 2019 and after.

Leonard signs after prohibited requests

The report says Dennis Robertson sought equity, housing, private transportation, and guaranteed off-court income while the Clippers recruited Leonard. The team denied agreeing to those requests, but the investigators treat them as the beginning of a pressure campaign the team later failed to report.

  • Frank's contemporaneous notes record demands that included a house, a private plane, team equity, and guaranteed endorsement income.
  • NBA rules required the team to report an improper solicitation even if it rejected the request. Investigators found no such report was made.
  • Leonard signed with the Clippers in July 2019. The report does not say the prohibited requests were written into his player contract.

The league trains Clippers leadership

Clippers owner Steve Ballmer, President of Business Operations Gillian Zucker, President of Basketball Operations Lawrence Frank, and other team personnel received NBA training on circumvention and the new duty to report improper solicitations.

  • Zucker oversaw the team's commercial operations. The report later identifies her as the point person on all four company relationships and one of the three Clippers officials most responsible for the violations.
  • The report says the training specifically covered the ban on arranging outside compensation and the obligation to report improper player demands.
  • The session followed a 2019 enforcement initiative. Investigators rely on it, along with the 2015 fine, when assessing the officials' knowledge and later explanations.

A $10 million annual target

Investigators say Robertson pressed the team to help Leonard reach roughly $10 million per year in off-court income and demanded a near-term pipeline of introductions. Frank recorded the requests and relayed them to Ballmer and Zucker.

  • Frank's notes describe Robertson insisting that the team needed to produce companies quickly and that introductions alone were not enough.
  • The annual target became an operating objective inside the Clippers even though the team had already received circumvention training.
  • Investigators say the response shifted from rejecting a prohibited demand to actively trying to satisfy it.

I have to get paid.

Contemporaneous notes attributed to Dennis Robertson

Daktronics and the spend-back request

The Clippers named Daktronics its preferred Intuit Dome provider, sought a spend-back, and specified a Leonard endorsement worth $3 million per year for two years. Daktronics understood that declining could put its arena bid at risk.

  • A senior Clippers executive supplied the proposed endorsement structure rather than merely passing contact information.
  • The report describes the endorsement as part of a commercial give-back connected to the scoreboard procurement process.
  • That linkage is central to the investigators' conclusion that the team induced the outside compensation with valuable business.

Three introductions in six days

Zucker connected Robertson with Boingo, Daktronics, and Lockton during a six-day span while all three were pursuing Clippers business. Investigators did not credit the introduction emails' claim that each company had initiated the request.

  • The report says Zucker was the common point of contact across the three relationships and coordinated with Frank as Robertson pressed for a deal pipeline.
  • The companies moved from introduction to contracts unusually quickly, with limited negotiation and little later activation.
  • Investigators treat the repeated structure across three separate companies as evidence of a common Clippers-led plan.

KL2 LBS LLC is formed

Leonard and Robertson's entity was organized on the day of the second company introduction. It later became the counterparty for the three 2020 endorsement agreements.

  • Investigators say the formation timing suggested that the representatives anticipated paid agreements before genuine company negotiations could have developed.
  • The report does not characterize formation of the entity itself as a violation. It uses the timing as circumstantial evidence within the broader sequence.

Clippers pay the three companies paying Leonard

Within weeks of Zucker's introductions, each company signed a multimillion-dollar consulting agreement with the Clippers before or on the same day it signed Leonard. Two received $10 million upfront before their Leonard deals; the third received a $2 million annual consulting fee one day after first paying him.

  • Leonard's entity signed the three endorsement agreements in July and August 2020 and received all $18 million due under them by August 2021, despite limited duties and little visible activation.
  • A former executive said one consulting agreement was highly unusual: the company was not in the consulting business, ordinarily supplied the services for free, and received virtually its entire fee in advance.
  • A credible witness told investigators that one consulting agreement was a ruse intended to provide a company with Clippers funds to be paid to Leonard. Investigators received that information late and said further corroboration was ongoing.
  • The report does not identify which consulting-payment facts belong to Boingo, Daktronics, or Lockton, so the app does not assign them to a specific company.

Daktronics increases year two

After the Clippers increased its scoreboard spend, a Clippers executive told Daktronics to increase Leonard's second-year payment. Daktronics added $2 million, creating what the report presents as a direct business-for-endorsement exchange.

  • The increase took the disclosed second-year endorsement payment from $3 million to $5 million.
  • Investigators cite the amendment as especially clear evidence because the requested player payment rose alongside the team's vendor spend.
  • Daktronics substantially cooperated with the investigation and provided records and witness information.

Three large Aspiration transactions

Aspiration signed a 23-year, $382.5 million Clippers sponsorship and a 23-year, $72 million arena services deal. Ballmer also made a $50 million personal investment, creating an unusually dense set of commercial ties before the Leonard proposal.

  • The sponsorship included the jersey patch and an Intuit Dome founding-partner position.
  • The services agreement covered sustainability work at the new arena.
  • Investigators later evaluated the Leonard endorsement against this existing concentration of team, arena, and owner business.

The Aspiration offer takes shape

The report traces Zucker's role from raising player endorsements with Aspiration to recruiting a Clippers-retained agent, relaying proposed terms, reviewing a term sheet, and finally sending the formal introduction email.

  • The proposed Leonard package ultimately carried $48 million in total contract value: $28 million cash and $20 million equity over four years.
  • Investigators say Zucker acted as an intermediary before the formal introduction, undercutting the claim that the Clippers merely exchanged contact details.
  • The contract was never publicly announced or activated and included limited obligations and unusual injury protection terms.

Aspiration executives resist

Internal Aspiration emails questioned the $48 million commitment. Sanberg said the Clippers were asking for the Leonard deal and would offset the cost with additional business, supplying the documentary bridge between compensation and team value.

  • Aspiration executives raised cash-flow and approval concerns about the size of the commitment.
  • Sanberg's response framed the deal as acceptable if new Clippers-related revenue made it cash-flow neutral.
  • The investigators say the messages corroborate other evidence that the player agreement was not an independent marketing decision.

We should be fine if it's cashflow neutral.

Internal Aspiration email quoted in the report

A $28 million Forum agreement takes shape

Zucker and Sanberg began negotiating a four-year sustainability-services agreement for the Forum, the Inglewood arena Ballmer owned and Zucker oversaw. Its initial term sheet called for $7 million a year in business back to Aspiration—the same as Leonard's annual cash compensation.

  • The stated purpose was to buy reforestation capacity and zero out the Forum's historical carbon emissions, but the deal began without a meaningful analysis of those emissions.
  • The January draft included a Business Back Opportunities heading and an instruction to fill in $7 million back in business.
  • Sanberg told investigators the figure was tied to Aspiration's contemplated Leonard payments, and a February email said the annual amount was fixed while its use remained variable.
  • Ballmer and Zucker later said a consultant had calculated a $28 million need. The consultant told investigators that the Clippers had supplied the $28 million budget to him.

Sanberg makes the two deals conditional

When the Forum agreement appeared unlikely to close by quarter-end, Sanberg threatened to abandon Leonard's endorsement agreement and the wider Clippers relationship unless the Forum deal was fixed.

  • Internal Clippers texts called the Forum transaction super shady and full of red flags.
  • Sanberg said he would tell Leonard and Robertson why their deal was off and would burn the Clippers, Ballmer, Sanberg, and Aspiration relationship to the ground.
  • Clippers executives relayed the linkage inside Ballmer's business organization and asked whether Ballmer understood that Leonard's deal was at risk.

ZERO CHANCE there is a Kawhi deal if this isn't fixed.

Text attributed to Joe Sanberg

Ballmer approves the Forum agreement

After the business-back condition had been relayed internally, Ballmer approved the Forum agreement. Investigators conclude that providing the conditioned business was itself an act of facilitating Leonard's outside compensation.

  • Ballmer and Zucker attributed the $28 million four-year budget to a consultant, while the consultant told investigators the Clippers had supplied the budget.
  • The report treats approval with knowledge of Sanberg's condition as distinct from the earlier acts that initiated and negotiated the endorsement.
  • The finding concerns the decision to provide valuable business after the condition was known, not merely the existence of a Forum sustainability contract.

Hundreds of personal expenses go unreimbursed

The report says the Clippers paid hundreds of personal expenses for Leonard and people associated with him, with a substantial aggregate value, and did not obtain the reimbursement the CBA required.

  • The summary does not publish an exact aggregate amount, so this app does not estimate one.
  • Investigators say Frank authorized impermissible payments and the team lacked adequate controls to ensure repayment.
  • The conclusion treats these payments as a separate circumvention violation from the four company agreements.

The allegation becomes public

Pablo Torre Finds Out reported allegations about the Aspiration agreement. The NBA retained Wachtell Lipton shortly afterward and expanded the investigation as additional issues and transactions emerged.

  • The investigation ultimately covered the Aspiration matter, the three 2020 company agreements, personal expenses, and reporting obligations.
  • Investigators conducted 73 interviews of 60 people and reviewed more than 200,000 pages of documents.
  • The report says the NBA imposed no restriction on the scope or timing of the work.

Investigators publish their findings

The investigators publish findings of multiple independent circumvention violations. They identify Ballmer, Zucker, and Frank as the team officials most responsible, attribute violations to Leonard through Robertson's conduct, and note that follow-up work could continue.

  • The findings cover initiating, facilitating, and inducing four endorsement agreements; unreimbursed expenses; and failures to report improper solicitations.
  • The report distinguishes its factual findings from sanctions, which the NBA announced separately after publication.
  • It also says the summary is not the complete evidentiary record and may be supplemented if new information warrants it.

Four deals. One repeated pattern.

The degree of detail differs by company. The report is explicit about Daktronics and Aspiration, and more generalized about Boingo and Lockton.

Report page containing March 30, 2022 messages about the Forum and Leonard agreements

The key linkage was written down.

On March 30, 2022, messages attributed to Joe Sanberg said there was “ZERO CHANCE” of a Leonard deal without the Forum agreement. Internal Clippers messages recorded the same threat.

“This is the ball game.”
Text attributed to Joe Sanberg PDF 31

Who the report holds responsible.

The conclusion names three team officials as most responsible and also finds violations by Leonard through Robertson's conduct.

Gillian Zucker

Clippers President of Business Operations

The report calls Zucker the point person on all four deals and says she directly initiated, facilitated, and induced each endorsement agreement.

Steve Ballmer

Clippers owner

The report says Ballmer knowingly sought to help Leonard obtain off-court income and personally approved the Forum agreement after learning the Leonard deal was conditioned on it.

Lawrence Frank

Clippers President of Basketball Operations

The report says Frank relayed Robertson's demands, directed Zucker to re-engage Aspiration, authorized impermissible personal expenses, and failed to report solicitations.

Dennis Robertson

Leonard's uncle and business manager

The report says Robertson repeatedly pressured the Clippers to produce off-court income, communicated a roughly $10 million annual target, and made demands the team was required to report.

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